GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications are a class of drugs that mimic the effects of a natural hormone called GLP-1. This hormone is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and plays a role in appetite control and digestion. GLP-1 medications are commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, more recently, for weight management.

Here’s how they work:

1. Increase Insulin Production: GLP-1 medications help the pancreas produce more insulin, particularly after meals, which helps lower blood sugar levels.
2. Inhibit Glucagon Release: They reduce the release of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels, particularly between meals or when fasting.
3. Slow Gastric Emptying: By delaying the emptying of the stomach, they help reduce appetite and control food intake, contributing to weight loss.
4. Promote Satiety: GLP-1 medications can make you feel full faster, which can reduce overall calorie intake.

Common GLP-1 medications include exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), terzepatide (Mounjaro), dulaglutide (Trulicity), and semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy).

These medications are often injected and are generally well-tolerated, but some patients may experience side effects like nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal discomfort. They're widely used for people with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control and are also approved for chronic weight management in certain cases.